| Verbs/expressions of will which express an order, a need, a piece of advice, or a want. | ||
| aimer mieux que | to like better / to prefer that | |
| commander que | to order that | |
| demander que | to ask (someone to do something) | |
| désirer que | to desire that | |
| donner l'ordre que | to order that | |
| empêcher que* | to prevent (someone from doing something) | |
| éviter que* | to avoid | |
| exiger que | to demand that | |
| il est à souhaiter que | it is to be hoped that | |
| il est essentiel que | it is essential that | |
| il est important que | it is important that | |
| il est naturel que | it is natural that | |
| il est nécessaire que | it is necessary that | |
| il est normal que | it is normal that | |
| il est temps que | it is time that | |
| il est urgent que | it is urgent that | |
| il faut que | it is necessary that | |
| il vaut mieux que | it is better that | |
| interdire que | to forbid that | |
| s'opposer que | to oppose that | |
| ordonner que | to order that | |
| permettre que | to permit that | |
| préférer que | to prefer that | |
| proposer que | to propose that | |
| recommander que | to recommend | |
| souhaiter que | to wish that | |
| suggérer que | to suggest that | |
| tenir à ce que | to insist that | |
| vouloir que | to want that | |
| *these verbs are followed by the ne explétif: Évitez qu'il ne parte - Prevent him from leaving. | ||
| Verbs/expressions of emotion or feeling which indicate fear, happiness, anger, regret, surprise, or other sentiments. | ||
| adorer que | to love that | |
| aimer que | to like that | |
| apprécier que | to appreciate that | |
| avoir honte que | to be ashamed that | |
| avoir peur que | to be afraid that | |
| craindre que | to fear that | |
| déplorer que | to deplore that | |
| détester que | to hate that | |
| être content que | to be happy that | |
| être désolé que | to be sorry that | |
| être étonné que | to be amazed that | |
| être heureux que | to be happy that | |
| être surpris que | to be surprised that | |
| être triste que | to be sad that | |
| il est bizarre que | it is odd that | |
| il est bon que | it is good that | |
| il est dommage que | it is too bad that | |
| il est étonnant que | it is amazing that | |
| il est étrange que | it is strange that | |
| il est heureux que | it is fortunate that | |
| il est honteux que | it is shameful that | |
| il est inutile que | it is useless that | |
| il est rare que | it is rare that | |
| il est regrettable que | it is regrettable that | |
| il est surprenant que | it is surprising that | |
| il est utile que | it is useful that | |
| redouter que | to dread that | |
| regretter que | to regret that | |
| se réjouir que | to be delighted that | |
| Verbs/expressions of doubt, possibility, and opinion | ||
| accepter que | to accept | |
| s'attendre à ce que | to expect | |
| chercher ... qui | to look for | |
| Je cherche un homme qui sache la vérité (he may not exist = doubt) | ||
| détester que | to hate | |
| douter que** | to doubt that | |
| il est convenable que | it is proper/fitting that | |
| il est douteux que** | it is doubtful that | |
| il est faux que | it is false that | |
| il est impossible que | it is impossible that | |
| il est improbable que | it is improbable that | |
| il est juste que | it is right/fair that | |
| il est possible que | it is possible that | |
| il est peu probable que | it is improbable that | |
| il n'est pas certain que | it is not certain that | |
| il n'est pas clair que | it is not clear that | |
| il n'est pas évident que | it is not obvious that | |
| il n'est pas exact que | it is not correct that | |
| il n'est pas probable que | it is improbable that | |
| il n'est pas sûr que | it is not certain that | |
| il n'est pas vrai que | it is not true that | |
| il semble que | it seems that | |
| il se peut que | it may be that | |
| le fait que | the fact that | |
| nier que | to deny that | |
| refuser que | to refuse | |
| **These do not take the subjunctive when they are used negatively: Je doute qu'il vienne, Je ne doute pas qu'il vient. | ||
| Note | The following verbs and expressions do not take the subjunctive when they are used in the affirmative, because they express facts which are considered certain. When negative or interrogatory, they require the subjunctive: Penses-tu qu'il soit sympa ? Oui, je pense qu'il est sympa, Non, je ne pense pas qu'il soit sympa. | |
| c'est que | it's that/because | |
| connaître (quelqu'un) qui | to know (someone) that | |
| croire que | to believe that | |
| dire que | to say that | |
| espérer que | to hope that | |
| être certain que | to be certain that | |
| être sûr que | to be sure that | |
| il est certain que | it is certain that | |
| il est clair que | it is clear/obvious that | |
| il est évident que | it is obvious that | |
| il est probable que | it is probable that | |
| il est exact que | it is correct/true that | |
| il est sûr que | it is certain that | |
| il est vrai que | it is true that | |
| il me (te, lui...) semble que | it seems to me (you, him...) that | |
| il paraît que | it appears that | |
| penser que | to think that | |
| savoir que | to know that | |
| trouver que | to find/think that | |
| vouloir dire que | to mean that | |
| The following conjunctions | ||
| à condition que | provided that | |
| à moins que* | unless | |
| afin que | so that | |
| avant que* | before | |
| bien que | although | |
| de crainte que* | for fear that | |
| de façon que | so that, in order that, in such a way that | |
| de peur que* | for fear that | |
| en attendant que | while, until | |
| jusqu'à ce que | until | |
| pour que | so that | |
| pourvu que | provided that | |
| quoique | even though | |
| quoi que | whatever, no matter what | |
| sans que | without | |
| *these conjunctions are followed by the ne explétif: Mangeons avant que nous ne partions - Let's eat before we leave | ||
| Note | The following conjunctions do not take the subjunctive, because they express facts which are considered certain: | |
| ainsi que | just as, so as | |
| alors que | while, whereas | |
| après que*** | after, when | |
| aussitôt que*** | as soon as | |
| car | since, because | |
| en même temps que | at the same time that | |
| depuis que | since | |
| dès que*** | as soon as, immediately | |
| lorsque*** | when | |
| parce que | because | |
| pendant que | while | |
| plutôt que | instead of, rather than | |
| puisque | since, as | |
| quand*** | when | |
| tandis que | while, whereas | |
| une fois que*** | once | |
| ***These conjunctions are followed by the future tense. | ||
| | In a subordinate clause with the negative pronoun ne ... personne or ne ... rien, or the indefinite pronoun quelqu'un or quelque chose. | |
| Je ne connais personne qui veuille le faire. | I don't know anyone who wants to do it. | |
| Y a-t-il quelqu'un qui puisse m'aider ? | Is there someone who can help me? | |
| After main clauses which contain the words seul, unique, premier, dernier, or any superlative, the subjunctive is optional - it depends on how concrete the speaker feels about what is being said. | ||
| C'est la seule personne que je connaisse. | That's the only person I know. | |
| C'est l'étudiante la plus intelligente que j'aie. | She's the smartest student I have. | |
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